Warsaw Pact / Russian Air Defence Command Posts

Warsaw Pact / Russian
Air Defence Command Posts

June, 2008

by Dr Carlo Kopp

(Images RuMoD, Almaz, Agat, State Military Industrial Committee of the Republic of Belarus, Other)

54K6E-2 Command Post

54K6E Command Post. The best known of the Russian mobile battery command posts is the 54K6 series, associated with the S-300PS/PM/PMU SA-10 Grumble and S-300PMU1/PMU2 SA-20 Gargoyle Surface to Air Missile systems.

Background:

A topic which receives far too little attention in the air power debate is that of command posts, especially mobile command posts. These often less than conspicuous components of air defence systems and missile batteries account for the "Integrated" in any Integrated Air Defence System.

The Soviets had a number of designs which have since evolved heavily, especially with the infusion of COTS digital computer technology. Contemporary production designs make full use of large LCD panel display technology and digital processing.

The page is primarily a compilation of Russian and ByeloRussian manufacturer's data and imagery.

Resources:

PANORAMA-TSM AIR FORCE/AIR DEFENSE CENTRAL COMMAND POST (MOBILE VERSION), State Military Industrial Committee of the Republic of Belarus 2004, URL: http://www.vpk.gov.by/en/pub_asu/asu_pancm_e.htm
PANORAMA AIR DEFENSE AREA (SECTOR) COMMAND POST, State Military Industrial Committee of the Republic of Belarus 2004, URL: http://www.vpk.gov.by/en/pub_asu/asu_pan_e.htm
NEMAN-M AIR BASE COMMAND POST (MOBILE VERSION), State Military Industrial Committee of the Republic of Belarus 2004, URL: http://www.vpk.gov.by/en/pub_asu/asu_nemm_e.htm
PROSTOR ELINT BRIGADE COMMAND POST, State Military Industrial Committee of the Republic of Belarus 2004, URL: http://www.vpk.gov.by/en/pub_asu/asu_pro_e.htm
RANZHIR BATTERY COMMAND POST, State Military Industrial Committee of the Republic of Belarus 2004, URL: http://www.vpk.gov.by/en/pub_asu/asu_ran_e.htm
POLYANA, Agat SPRA 117 Nezavisimosti Ave. Minsk 220600 Republic of Belarus, URL: http://www.agat.by/eng/products/special-purpose-products/polyana
RANGIR, Agat SPRA 117 Nezavisimosti Ave. Minsk 220600 Republic of Belarus, URL: http://www.agat.by/eng/products/special-purpose-products/rangir
ОАО 'УПП 'Вектор', АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННАЯ СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГРУППИРОВКОЙ ВОЙСК ПВО 'СЕНЕЖ-М1Э' (34Л6), URL: http://www.vektor.ru/products/vpk/senezh.php

Mobile Air Defence Command Posts

Agat Panorama TsM - Air Force/Air Defence
Mobile Central Command Post

Basic Characteristics
Simultaneous reception of air situation information from:
automated command (control) post of ELINT formations, units and elements	up to 16
AWACS aircraft	up to 4
Total number of:
acquired air targets	up to 1,500
tracked air targets	up to 500
monitored flight requests	up to 5,000
ground objects stored in database	up to 500
workstations	up to 34
aircraft simultaneously guided to air and ground targets (through control and guidance posts)	up to 144
Target tracking envelope:
range, km	up to 4,800
altitude, km	up to 100
speed, km/h	up to 6,000
Simultaneous control of point and field AD assets:
ADM formations and units	up to 16
fighter aircraft units	up to 12
interceptor-fighters (groups thereof)	up to 15
EW units	up to 5
Simultaneous automated cooperation with command posts of neighboring point and field AD formations and units	up to 8
Mission assignment time, s	up to 5
Transportation facilities	MAZ-543M
Overall dimensions, mm:
length	16,345
width	3,131
height	3,900
Power supply	from 50 ±1 Hz industrial mains or autonomous diesel generator at voltage of 380 V ±10% (emergency power supply from storage batteries is also available)
Operating conditions:
ambient temperature, °С	-40 to + 60
relative humidity at +35 °С, %	up to 98
protected from dust, moisture and dew

Assigned Tasks

Information:
- collection of information on enemy forces, its analysis and downloading to subordinate command and control posts as required;
- collection of information on friendly forces and its downloading to subordinate command and control posts as required;
- collection of information on the combat readiness of subordinate forces, its analysis and reporting to the higher command post;
- collection and fusing of information on air situation in the zone of responsibility and its transmission to higher, cooperating and subordinate command and control posts as required;
- reception of combat orders and directives from the higher command posts, the preparation of combat orders and directives for subordinate command and control posts;
- distribution of efforts of subordinate units and elements;
- distribution of targets among fighting units;
- assessment of effectiveness of subordinate forces’ combat actions;
- planning of flights (including transit flights), monitoring of air situation and use of airspace;
- information recording, documentation and display;
- drills of crews of the AF/AD central command post, as well as subordinate command and control posts, and the assessment of their performance.
Estimation:
- planning of combat operations to repulse enemy air attacks;
- possible friendly armament losses in combat actions;
- amount of subordinate AD missile and gun armament and fuel/oil requirements for the preparation and accomplishment of combat operations;
- target detection areas of radar facilities, depending on their location, terrain relief, and target signatures;
- redeployment routes for subordinate units.

The Panorama TsS/TsM is a modern software based design which makes extensive use of COTS technology, especially modern flat panel LCD displays. This results in lower weight, better reliability and higher image quality than legacy CRT display designs.

Agat Panorama TsM - Air Defence Area / Sector
Mobile Command Post

Basic Characteristics
Description	AD sector CP
	Stationary version	Mobile version
Simultaneous reception of air situation information from:
automated command (control) posts of ELINT units and elements	up to 12	up to 8
AWACS aircraft	up to 2	up to 2
Total number of:
acquired and monitored air targets	800 for 10 s	800 for 10 s
target tracks	up to 500	up to 300
monitored flight requests	up to 3000	up to 3000
aircraft simultaneously guided to air and ground targets (through control and guidance posts)	144	96
Simultaneous control of point and field AD assets:
ADM units, elements and command posts	up to 16	up to 12
fighter aircraft units and elements	up to 12	up to 8
EW units	3	3
Simultaneous automated cooperation with command posts of neighboring point and field AD formations and units	up to 8	up to 4
Number of monitored flight requests	up to 2500	up to 1200
Mission assignment time, s	up to 5	up to 5
Target tracking envelope:
range, km	2400
altitude, km	up to 100
speed, km/h	6000

Agat Polyana S Brigade/Regiment
Air Defence Command Post

Total quantity of air object logs received in 10 sec up to 500

Quantity of tracked targets up to 150

Quantity of interfaced objects up to 16

Quantity of objects under control up to 24

Quantity of target distribution commands generated automatically up to 80

Quantity of stored and displayed ground objects up to 300

Quantity of processed flight requests for own aircraft up to 1,000

Mission setting time 3-5 sec

Quantity of workstations 8

Open system architecture

ASSIGNED INFORMATION TASKS

Reception, processing and storage of information about enemy forces and its transmission to subordinate command and control posts as necessary.
Reception of information about the status and actions of own forces (subordinate and interacting).
Collection of information about combat readiness of subordinate units and its transmission to a higher command post.
Collection and generation of information about common air situation and its transmission to subordinate units.
Reception of combat orders and instructions from a higher command post.
Generation of combat orders and instructions to subordinate units.
Distribution and designation of targets for subordinate units.
Transmission of control commands to subordinate units and reception of reports.
Evaluation of efficiency of combat actions of subordinate forces.
Logging and documenting of combat action.
Independent and integrated training of combat crews with evaluation of their actions.

Almaz-Antey/RATEP 9S52M1 Polyana D4M1 Brigade/Regiment
Air Defence Command Post

Agat Neman M
Mobile Air Base Command Post

Basic Characteristics
Functional characteristics
Combat control cycle:
fighter aircraft (from air target acquisition to takeoff clearance), minutes	1
attack aircraft (from assignment of ground target attack mission to takeoff clearance), minutes	3
Number of:
air targets (individual targets and groups):
monitored targets	up to 800
tracked targets	up to 300
monitored ground objects	up to 500
Target tracking envelope:
range, km	up to 2,400
altitude, km	up to 100
speed, km/h	up to 8,000
Operational characteristics
Modes of operation	autonomous; under control of higher command post
Number of:
interfaced objects	up to 16
subordinate control and guidance posts	up to 3 (with up to 72 guidance channels)
Time between failures, h	5,000
Operating temperature range, °С	-40 to +60

Agat Prostor
ELINT Brigade Command Post

Basic Characteristics
Description	ELINT brigade CP
	Stationary version	Mobile version
Total number of:
acquired air targets (for 10 s)	up to 800	up to 800
air target tracks	up to 300	up to 300
cooperating objects	up to 30	up to 15
cooperating controlled objects	up to 15	up to 8
acquired ground objects	up to 500	up to 300
Target tracking envelope:
range, km	up to 2,400	up to 2,400
altitude, km	up to 100	up to 100
speed, km/h	up to 6,000	up to 6,000
Information processing and output cycle, s	up to 10	up to 10

5S99/5S99M Senezh M / Senezh M1 / 34L6 Senezh M1E
Brigade / Regiment Air Defence Command Post

The 5S99 Senezh series of mobile command posts were developed during the latter Cold War to support V-PVO S-75/SA-2 Guideline, S-125/SA3 Goa, S-200V/D/SA-5 Gammon, S-300P/SA-10 Grumble and PVO-SV S-300V batteries, and V-PVO and FA VVS interceptors such as the Su-27 and MiG-29. The system was developed by OKB Peleng and built by GPO Vector.

The current production 34L6 Senezh M1E is a heavily upgraded design, utilising the existing semi-trailer configuration, but replacing the KrAZ tow tractor with a contemporary KAMAZ tractor. The system is capable of accepting data feeds from most Russian radar types, and the A-50 AWACS system.

ПОЛНЫЙ СОСТАВ

Мобильный пункт боевого управления (МПБУ) - кабина 26М6 для оперативного управления ЗРС, ЗРК и одиночными ИП		1
Дополнительный пункт боевого управления (ДПБУ) - кабина 27М6 для расширения технических возможностей АСУ по управлению группировками ЗРВ и ИА, организации стационарного командного пункта (КП) на базе дополнительных АРМ		1
Автономная электростанция типа ЭД2хЗО - Т400 с двумя генераторами мощностью по 30 кВт каждый и встроенным преобразователем напряжения для получения электропитания 220 В 400 Гц		2
Седельный автотягач типа КАМАЗ для транспортирования изделий 26М6 и 27М6		1
Радиостанция типа Р - 997 - 1М для приема информации с борта ИП		1
Радиостанция типа Р - 997 - 2М для передачи информации на борт ИП		до 4
Станция передачи команд на борт истребителей-перехватчиков типа 'Радуга - МЭ'		до 3
Аппаратура пункта съема координат (ПСК) для обработки первичной информации от радиолокационных станций (РЛС) разведки и целеуказания ЗРС (ЗРК) и выдачи на КП АСУ 'Сенеж-М1Э'		до 5
Комплекс средств автоматизации КСА радиотехнического подразделения типа 'ПОРИ-М' для обеспечения АСУ 'Сенеж-М1Э' радиолокационной информацией		1
Радиорелейная станция типа 5Я662/5Я663 для передачи информации на управляемые объекты по радиорелейным линиям связи		до 15

СОКРАЩЁННЫЙ СОСТАВ
обеспечивает решение оперативных задач управления ЗРС, ЗРК и ИА на основе мобильного варианта КП

мобильный пункт боевого управления - изделие 26М6		1
автономная электростанция типа ЭД2 х 30 - Т400		1
седельный автотягач типа КАМАЗ		1

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

Радиус действия, км		до 1600
Количество одновременно обрабатываемых воздушных объектов		до 120
Количество управляемых огневых средств:
ЗРК и ЗРС		до 17 (до 77 стрельбовых каналов)
ИП		до 6

Возможность получения радиолокационной информации от всех видов радиолокационных средств и АСУ ПВО.

ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

Время развертывания:
полного состава, часов		до 2
сокращенного состава (мобильный вариант КП), мин.		до 15

73N6 Baikal-1 Brigade / Regiment Air Defence Command Post

Manufactured by Proton, the Baikal and Baikal-1 series of command posts were developed during the late Cold War to provide a fully mobile capability to manage multiple air defence batteries and systems in a complex environment. Supported systems include V-PVO S-75/SA-2 Guideline, S-125/SA3 Goa, S-200V/D/SA-5 Gammon, S-300PS/PM/SA-10A/B Grumble, S-300PMU/PMU1/PMU2/SA-20 Gargoyle and PVO-SV S-300V missile batteries.

The system comprises a self contained 49L6 modular C3 system carried by a MAZ-7910 series 8 x 8 vehicle for high offroad mobility. A 5S15 turbine electrical generator system is integrated, as well as an FL-94 telescoping communications mast to increase the footprint over which the system can network with missile batteries. A option is an additional ZiL-131N truck fitted with an FL-95 elevating radio mast to improve networking range. Additional electrical power can by provided using a pair of towed 5I57A electrical generators, or the mains grid can be used with a 82Kh6 power adaptor.

Data sources include most Russian acquisition radars and the A-50 AWACS.

General characteristics

Количество одновременно обрабатываемых воздушных обьектов The number of aerial targets simultaneously processed	80
Количество одновременно управляемых ЗРС Number of simultaneously managed SAM batteries	4
Количество одновременно управляемых ЗРК Number of simultaneously managed SAM systems	12
Количество одновременно управляемых стрельбовых комплексов Number of simultaneously managed engagements	144
Количество автоматизированных рабочих мест The number of operator consoles	2-5
Время приведения в боевую готовность, мин. Time to bring in combat readiness, min.	3
Время свертивания (развертывания), мин. Stow/deployment time, min.	до 30 / up to 30
Пределы работы: Capability limitations:
- по дальности, км - - range footprint, km	1200
- по высоте, км - - Altitude bounds, km	102.4
- по скорости, км/ч - - target TAS km / h	9216
Обслуживающий персонал, чел. Crew complement, personnel.	5
Состав: Components:
- кабина боевого управления - - C3 container	1
- кабина документирования - - Documention container	1
- средства энергоснабжения в двух прицепах 5И57А (2 дизеля, мощностью 100 кВт каждый) - - Additional towed 5I57A electrical generators (2 diesel, capacity of 100 kW each)	1

Air Defence System Battery Command Posts

9S737/MP-22 UBKP Ranzhir E Battery Command Post
SA-13 Gopher
SA-15A-D Gauntlet
SA-19 Grison
SA-22 Greyhound

The most common variant of the Ranzhir series of mobile command posts is carried on a tracked chassis derived from the MTLBu series.

The Ranzhir series of mobile command posts was originally developed for the PVO-SV to provide a tracked and hardened ADCP for batteries of point defence weapons, such as SPAAGs and SAM systems. Early variants were deployed to provide battery C3 for the SA-15, SA-17, SA-19 systems. More recent variants are used with the SA-13, replacing legacy ADCPs, and the new wheeled SA-15D and SA-22, in a wheeled configuration. A single Ranzhir usually supports 4 to 6 TELARs or SPAAGs.

Quantity of tracked air objects (using data from the HCP, combat vehicles, radar) up to 80

Rate of data exchange with combat vehicles, sec 1

Rate of data issue to the higher command post, sec 5

Time for mission setting:

- in automatic mode, sec 1

- in manual mode, maximum, sec 5

The Ranzhir E/M is also available in a lower cost truck variant, intended for applications where high road mobility is important. For instance a wheeled Tor M2E or Pantsir S1 battery would used the wheeled variant to match the high road speed of the TELARs.

The latest configuration of the road mobile Ranzhir M/E series makes full use of COTS computing technology for operator consoles.

PU12M6/M7 Battery Command Post
SA-8 Gecko
SA-13 Gopher
SA-19 Grison
ZSU-23-4P Shilka

The Cold War era PU12 series of battery command posts were developed to support a range of point defence weapons, especially the SA-8 Gecko, SA-13 Gopher and ZSU-23-4P SPAAG. While a legacy design, it remains in production. The improved M7 variant has the capability to control an SA-19 Grison battery.

PU12M6 BCP	PU12M7 BCP

PPRU-M1 Battery Command Post
(with Acquisition Radar)
SA-13 Gopher
ZSU-23-4P Shilka

The legacy PPRU M/M1 series of command posts were used primarily to support the SA-13 Gopher point defence SAM system. The design remains in production.

54K6/54K6E/E1/E2 S-300P Battery Command Post
SA-10 Grumble
SA-20 Gargoyle

A 54K6E2 command post used with the S-300PMU2 Favorit / SA-20B system.

The 54K6 family of mobile battery command posts first appeared during the 1980s as part of the high mobility S-300PS / SA-10B Grumble B SAM system. The design combined a command post cabin with a MAZ-7910 chassis, and included a telescoping mast for the radio datalink which networked all of the battery elements. The design progressively evolved as the S-300P family of missiles evolved. The final variants of this system provided significant integration capabilities, with the ability to network the battery 30N6E2 engagement radars, and some legacy SAM engagement radars. The 83M6E2 designation is reserved for a paired 64N6E2 Big Bird acquisition radar and a 54K6E2 command post.

A typical operational architecture will see the 54K6E2 networked with a Polyana TsM sector command post, to provide bidirectional transfer of target data.

9S457/9S457M S-300V/VM Battery Command Post
SA-12 Gladiator/Giant
SA-23 Antey 2500

The 9S457 family of mobile battery command posts was specifically developed for the PVO-SV S-300V SAM system. A modernised variant of this design is the 9S457M used with the S-300VM/Antey 2500. The design shares the tracked chassis with other battery elements, and uses a telescoping mast to maximise RF datalink coverage footprint. The vehicle weight 39 tonnes and carries a crew of seven.

The composition of a typical S-300VM battery includes a 9S15M2 Bill Board acquisition radar, a 9S19M High Screen engagement radar, a 9S457M command posts, four 9S32M Grill Pan engagement radars, twenty four 9A83M and 9A82 TELARs, with a ready load of 48 x 9M82M SAMs, and 96 x 9M83M SAMs.

55K6 S-400 Triumf Battery Command Post
SA-21 Growler

55K6E CP carried by an 8 x 8 Ural 532301 (above) truck, and operator consoles (below) in van (Almaz-Antey).

The 55K6 is an evolution of the 54K6E2 with significantly enhanced capabilities, and repackaged to be carried on a Ural 532301 chassis rather than the MZKT-7930 used by the Grave Stone engagement radar. It is unclear why the Russian MoD changed chassis manufacturers in moving from the 54K6E2 to 55K6. To date there have been no detailed disclosures on specific capabilities in the 55K6 design.